Judge Norman Krumenacker III recalls Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro asking him what kind of attention the statewide investigation into allegations of abuse by priests in the Roman Catholic Church would bring.
"I told him to get a new tie and suit because he was going to be on '60 Minutes,' " Krumenacker said.
Cambria County's president judge directed the grand jury investigations into priest abuse that led to reports targeting the Altoona-Johnstown Roman Catholic Diocese in 2016, and then six more dioceses across the state in 2018.
The two reports combined found sexual abuse by 350 priests or other church officials and involved more than 1,300 children - with accounts dating back decades - and extensive efforts by church officials to cover up the abuse.
Krumenacker said that during a 2014 investigation into reported sexual abuse by a former athletic trainer at Bishop McCort Catholic High School, he began to understand the magnitude of a looming grand jury investigation for the church institution and its members.
"I realized the gravity of what was going to happen," Krumenacker said during an interview in his chambers at the Cambria courthouse.
In his role as supervising judge of the 37th statewide investigative grand jury, Krumenacker first was tasked with deciding whether attorney-client privilege would be jeopardized if files were turned over to the Pennsylvania Office of the Attorney General.
That meant reading through "tens of thousands" of documents from the Roman Catholic Diocese of Altoona-Johnstown concerning Bishop McCort and Brother Stephen Baker, a Franciscan friar from the Third Order Regular accused of violating more than 100 children.
The Cambria County District Attorney's Office referred the Baker case to the state attorney general in early 2014, after Baker died of a reported self-inflicted knife wound to the heart.
Two years later, the grand jury's report into the Baker allegations detailed a decades-long cover-up by the Altoona-Johnstown diocese and Bishops Joseph Adamec and James Hogan, who were accused of protecting more than 50 predator priests and religious leaders.
Based on evidence collected and presented during that probe, Krumenacker said, "it was clear to the attorney general's office that there was a lot more going on in the commonwealth than the allegations within the Altoona-Johnstown diocese."
That conversation with Shapiro took place in 2017, just after the new AG had taken office.
"The volume of evidence pointed to statewide wrongdoing," Krumenacker said.
The attorney general's office pursued an investigation of six other dioceses: Allentown, Erie, Greensburg, Harrisburg, Pittsburgh and Scranton.
As testimony began in the statewide probe, Krumenacker said he realized that the 40th investigative grand jury's report "would be huge nationally."
The Tribune-Democrat asked the AG's office to comment on Krumenacker's role in the process, but a spokesman there said Shapiro and his staff could not openly discuss a grand jury investigation.
Cambria County Senior Judge Timothy Creany has worked with Krumenacker for more than 25 years, and said the younger judge approached his work with the grand jury "in an organized fashion."
"He's an efficient guy," Creany said. "He gets it done."
Jurors 'were angry'
The 40th statewide investigative grand jury served the maximum 24 months allowed by statute, weighing "half a million pages of internal diocesan documents," according to their introduction to the six-diocese report, released Aug. 14.
Those documents, the grand jurors wrote, contained credible allegations against more than 300 priests and identified more than 1,000 child victims.
Krumenacker said jurors met for 25 sessions - twice during the last month to finish the 884-page report.
From November 2017 to April 2018, he said, more than half of their sessions were spent on the statewide diocese investigation and the last two weeks were dedicated specifically to finalizing the report, page by page.
"What's important is the essence of the report," he said. "It's designed to bring scope and depth of the conspiracy to the public eye."
The grand jury was "a full cross-section of our western Pennsylvanian communities," including several devout Catholics, Krumenacker said.
"The grand jury is a mix of the public," he said.
Krumenacker credited understanding employers who recognized the importance of employees' service on a grand jury, and said the jurors themselves understood what was at stake.
"I can assure the public these citizens take it seriously," he said. "They challenge the attorney general, the witnesses. They do not rubber-stamp anything."
Krumenacker said he's seen grand juries "become families" through their service - growing together, experiencing significant life events during their service and supporting one another as they listen to testimony that can often be difficult to hear.
"They grow into the job," he said, and the state does offer counseling services for those negatively impacted by hearing troubling details.
The judge said the grand jury's 20 members chose to meet one last time in early August, after their dismissal, to compose a letter addressing the pushback their report received even before it was released to the public.
"They were angry" after hearing so much evidence, and wanted to speak out in fear the report might never reach the public, Krumenacker said.
"That really shows the commitment and dedication of these people," he said.
Appeals and redactions
The report on the six diocese raised objections from several named priests and other religious leaders who argued they were not given due process regarding their rights to protecting their reputations.
The arguments within the Pennsylvania Supreme Court that followed revived a discussion about updating the state's 1978 Grand Jury Act.
Krumenacker said that prior to his assignment, he spoke with other grand jury supervising judges and Thomas G. Saylor, chief justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, about inconsistencies in the statute.
One issue was grand jury secrecy - in place to protect the integrity of an investigation and the reputations of the innocent, Krumenacker said.
However, the Grand Jury Act allows witnesses to discuss their testimony in public unless they are gagged for specific reasons.
Grand jurors, however, are sworn to keep absolute secrecy about the matters they're hearing and considering.
Ultimately, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled in July that a redacted version of the report should be released, pending the outcome of appeals filed by individuals named in the report.
The redacted version of the report - made public in August - protected the names of, and any identifying information about, those individuals.
"I do not disagree with the court's opinion," Krumenacker said.
"I have great respect for a person's reputation. (The appeals) will spawn some significant changes in the Grand Jury Act and procedural rules."
Moving forward, as the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and legislators weigh changes in matters, including the Grand Jury Act and statute of limitations, Krumenacker said society should be able to participate in correcting wrongdoing - but respect due process, in place to give defendants rights.
"I think the Legislature has a lot of important decisions to make," he said.
Krumenacker said he believes it would be difficult to create retroactive changes in the statute of limitations for child sexual abuse.
'Failed to do their jobs'
Krumenacker said he was shocked by fellow elected officials' decisions in regards to the cover-up of abuse within the Catholic Church.
"My biggest disappointment came through the Altoona-Johnstown report - where judges, lawyers and police failed to do their jobs," he said. "That really bothered me and still does."
But Krumenacker said he believed fellow Cambria County Judge Patrick Kiniry was "beat up" in the media after the Altoona-Johnstown report in 2016 for what Kiniry told the grand jury during the investigation of the diocese.
The report refers to the late Monsignor Francis McCaa as "a monster" who fondled as many as 15 juvenile victims at Ebensburg's Holy Name Roman Catholic Church until 1985, including references to a meeting between Kiniry, then an assistant district attorney, and diocese officials.
According to the report, both sides "agreed" to remove McCaa from the church and provide the priest with psychiatric counseling.
"Back then, the diocese moved the problem, that is just how it was," Kiniry is quoted in the Altoona-Johnstown report.
In a 2002 story, Kiniry told The Tribune-Democrat that victims' parents wanted McCaa removed, but didn't want their children in the spotlight of what would have been a high-profile criminal case.
"You have to understand that it was a different time," Kiniry said in 2002.
"Then, more so than now, people were opposed to subjecting children to the exposure that a case like that would bring. At the time, the thinking was, 'I want something done, but protect my child from publicity.' Definitely the thinking has changed. The times have changed."
Kiniry eventually resigned from the board of trustees at Bishop McCort, but Krumenacker said Kiniry was a valuable witness for the grand jury.
"He was one of the most honest, up-front people in assisting to find the truth," he said.
Krumenacker also acknowledged a time in society - decades ago - when many victims decided not to speak about their abuse because they feared no one would believe them. This was the case with many witnesses who testified in front of the most recent grand jury, some of whom reported their abuse years later for the first time.
"There's culture changes," Krumenacker said, adding that he sees as an opportunity to grow from the scandal as a society.
"We should learn from history, not try to rewrite it," he said. "That's how we evolve. That's how the law evolves."
Timeline
Important dates for diocese-related grand jury investigations:
. Early 2014: Referral made by Cambria County District Attorney Kelly Callihan concerning allegations against former Bishop McCort Catholic High School athletic trainer Brother Stephen Baker.
. March 1, 2016: The 37th statewide investigating grand jury report is released; 147 pages listing at least 50 priests or religions leaders from the Roman Catholic Diocese of Altoona-Johnstown accused of sexually abusing hundreds of children.
. March 15, 2016: The 37th statewide investigative grand jury report regarding Brother Stephen Baker is released; indictments of three Franciscan friars accused of endangering the welfare of children and criminal conspiracy.
. June 20, 2018: Pennsylvania Supreme Court halts release of the 40th statewide investigative grand jury's report on child sexual abuse within six dioceses - Allentown, Erie, Greensburg, Harrisburg, Pittsburgh and Scranton - due to the challenges about due process and rights of reputation filed by individuals named in the document.
. July 27, 2018: Pennsylvania Supreme Court orders a redacted version of the 40th statewide investigative grand jury report to be released, excluding the names of individuals in the report with pending appeals.
. Aug. 14, 2018: Redacted version of "Report No. 1" is released during a press conference in Harrisburg. The 884-page document contains allegations against more than 300 priests and claims more than 1,000 child victims from thousands of diocesan documents.
